The Roman Empire and Mongol Empire were significant empires, yet they differed greatly in many aspects. The Roman Empire’s economy relied on agricultural production, trade, and precious stones, while the Mongol Empire relied on the Silk Road and had a sophisticated banking system. The Roman society was stratified, and slaves were a significant portion, while in Mongol society, all had a relatively equal social status, and women were more empowered. The political system of the Roman Empire was centralized, while the Mongol Empire was decentralized, and its territories were run by governors appointed by Genghis Khan. The Roman military relied on infantry, while the Mongol military was a nomadic force that relied heavily on cavalry.

The Roman Empire vs. The Mongol Empire: Contrasting Civilizations

The Roman Empire and the Mongol Empire are two of the greatest empires in history. The Roman Empire emerged around 753 BC and lasted until 476 AD, while the Mongol Empire existed from the 13th to the 14th century. Despite the fact that both empires were notable for their massive territorial holdings and power, they differed greatly in many respects. This article will compare and contrast the two empires by highlighting their economic, social, political, and military aspects.

Economic Comparison

The economy of the Roman Empire was based on agricultural production and trade. Additionally, the empire’s gold, silver, and precious stones fueled the economy, allowing for a vibrant trade network. Rome also issued a standardized currency, the aureus, which made trade easier. In comparison, the economy of the Mongol Empire was primarily based on the Silk Road. The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that allowed the Mongol Empire to engage in international trade with other civilizations. Apart from this, the Mongols also had a sophisticated banking system, where merchants could store their wealth, and checks could be written so merchants didn’t need to transport their money to far off settlements.

Social Comparison

The Romans were a stratified society. The patricians, people who were wealthy and descended from aristocratic families, held the most power and had the most privileges, while the plebeians, who were common people, had very little political power. Slaves also made up a significant portion of the Roman population. In comparison, the Mongol society was mainly nomadic, and everyone in their society had a relatively equal social status. Mongol women were also more empowered than their Roman counterparts, as they were trained in combat and hunting.

Political Comparison

The Roman Empire was a republic until Julius Caesar overthrew it and established the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was a strong centralized state, and their political system relied on a complex network of administrative responsibilities to maintain control of its vast territories. In contrast, the Mongol Empire was a loose federation of separate tribes led by Genghis Khan. The empire was decentralized, and the territories were run by governors appointed by Genghis Khan, who followed his central commands.

Military Comparison

The Roman military was a professional force that was well equipped and trained. It was composed of legions that relied heavily on infantry and other support units. The Roman military was known for its use of tactics, such as the testudo formation, which became the norm. In comparison, the Mongol military was a nomadic force that relied on cavalry. The Mongol horsemen were renowned for their tactics and speed, and they could hit and run very quickly. The Mongols also had superior military intelligence and scouts.

Conclusion

In conclusion, both the Roman Empire and the Mongol Empire were impressive in their own right. The Roman Empire was remarkable for its achievements in culture, technology, politics, and warfare, while the Mongol Empire managed to expand its territory to reach the greatest land empire in history. These two civilizations were vastly different in their economic, social, political, and military aspects, and it is fascinating to note how two great empires are vastly different yet successful in their own ways.